Shallow magma diversions during explosive diatreme-forming eruptions

Maars to calderas: end-members on a spectrum of explosive volcanic depressions

We discuss maar-diatremes and calderas as end-members on a spectrum of negative volcanic landforms (depressions) produced by explosive eruptions (note—we focus on calderas formed during explosive eruptions, recognizing that some caldera types are not related to such activity). The former are dominated by ejection of material during numerous discrete phreatomagmatic explosions, brecciation, and ...

The Miocene Costa Giardini diatreme, Iblean Mountains, southern Italy: model for maar-diatreme formation on a submerged carbonate platform

In this paper we present a model for the growth of a maar-diatreme complex in a shallow marine environment. The Miocene-age Costa Giardini diatreme near Sortino, in the region of the Iblei Mountains of southern Sicily, has an outer tuff ring formed by the accumulation of debris flows and surge deposits during hydromagmatic eruptions. Vesicular lava clasts, accretionary lapilli and bombs in the ...

NanoSIMS results from olivine-hosted melt embayments: Magma ascent rate during explosive basaltic eruptions

Magma decompression rates during explosive eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii, recorded by melt embayments

The decompression rate of magma as it ascends during volcanic eruptions is an important but poorly constrained parameter that controls many of the processes that influence eruptive behavior. In this study, we quantify decompression rates for basaltic magmas using volatile diffusion in olivine-hosted melt tubes (embayments) for three contrasting eruptions of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaii. Incomplete e...

Explosive volcanic eruptions on Mercury: Eruption conditions, magma volatile content, and implications for interior volatile abundances

a Geological Sciences Department, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912, USA b Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20015, USA c The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA d Environmental Science Department, Lancaster Univers...